2), represents one of the richest paleontological localities of the Italian Peninsula. Since the beginning of 1960s, the sedimentary sequence of Ponte Galeria, located in the west area of Rome (Fig.
The first CT-based description of the inner and outer cranial anatomy of the specimen from Ponte Galeria is offered here, providing the content for a biochronological revision of the Middle Pleistocene record of European wolves. In this scenario, the sample (PF-PG1) collected from the area of Ponte Galeria (Rome, Italy) is relevant because it represents one of the few Middle Pleistocene crania of a wolf-like canid and offers an unique opportunity to enrich our knowledge on the C. This specimen has not been described yet, although it has been figured and ascribed to C. lupus from La Polledrara di Cecanibbio (Rome, Italy) (340–320 ka, MIS 9) 26. During MIS 11-9, canid samples from well temporally constrained deposits of Europe are lacking, with the only exception of the nearly complete skull of C. However, the estimated antiquity of Lunel-Viel was based on biochronological inference and new studies are pointing to a younger age, likely MIS 9-7 24, 25. lupus lineage, being interpreted as one of the last-surviving populations of small-sized wolves 22-although notably the possibility of a synonymy with the Mosbach wolf has been suggested by Kurtén 23. Given the relatively small size of the remains, they would have fitted in a scenario of a progressive size increase in the C. 400 ka) and interpreted as a chronosubspecies of the wolf, C. The earliest customarily accepted record of Canis lupus was that of Lunel-Viel (France), referred to MIS 11 (ca. mosbachensis in Europe, other informative cranial remains far predate the crucial period from MIS 12 to MIS 9, when the Canis mosbachensis-Canis lupus transition occurred 11, 13, 19.
Aside from the Ostiense cranium (456–416 ka, MIS 11) 2, which represents the last occurrence (LO) of C. Most importantly, there is overlap in tooth size between these two species, leading to uncertain taxonomic attributions. lupus have long been vaguely defined (Supplementary Note 1), as the remains of wolf-like canids from the Middle Pleistocene of Europe are mainly of poor taxonomic value (Fig. maximus, sensu Brugal and Boudadì-Maligne 2). An increase in dimensions is usually recorded across the Middle Pleistocene, with the largest Canis reported during the end of the Late Pleistocene ( C. Despite being intensively investigated from taxonomic, morphological and biochronological perspectives, European Middle Pleistocene wolves have been attributed either to C. 400 ka), characterized by the earliest dispersal of several modern mammal taxa in Europe 14, 15, 16, 17. The first occurrence (FO) of the modern wolf is one of the defining bioevents of the faunal turnover that took place during the transition between the Galerian and Aurelian European Land Mammal Ages (ca. lupus, with a replacement occurred in Europe during the Middle Pleistocene ca.
lupus from the late Early Pleistocene of North America 12, there is broad consensus in considering the Early to Middle Pleistocene Mosbach wolf ( Canis mosbachensis, Soergel, 1925) the ancestor of C.
lupus in Europe is instead limited due to the paucity of fossil remains 10, 11.Īlthough there are a few remains attributed to C. Moving back to the Middle Pleistocene, our knowledge on the origin of C. lupus is remarkable in terms of number of remains and their preservation, offering a privileged context for investigating the paleobiology of the wolf 2, 3, 4, 5, as well as the early human-wolf interactions and the origin of the domestic dog 6, 7, 8, 9. The European fossil record of Late Pleistocene C. Amélie Wolf is Famous Actress From Not Know.The ecological plasticity, the pack hunting abilities and the complex social structure are just some of the traits that contribute to making the wolf ( Canis lupus, Linnaeus, 1758) the most widespread and iconic representative of the genus Canis, with a considerable impact on the collective human imagination over the centuries 1.You must have read the life story of many people till now, but today we have told about such a very useful person, so let's tell the information about Amélie Wolf.Amelie Wolf is known for Kite Festival of Love (2021), Her Coming (2020) and Chasing Waterfalls (2021).Īmélie Wolf is Associated with Actress.
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